Phakellistatins: An Underwater Unsolved Puzzle

Solving a Binary Puzzle

A Binary puzzle is a Sudoku-like puzzle with values in each cell taken from the set {0, 1}. Let n ≥ 4 be an even integer, a solved binary puzzle is an n × n binary array that satisfies the following conditions: (1) no three consecutive ones and no three consecutive zeros in each row and each column; (2) the number of ones and zeros must be equal in each row and in each column; (3) there can be ...

Introducing an Invention: Puzzle Shaped Cast for Upper Limb Fractures

Upper limb fractures are prevalent injuries. An essential element of fracture healing is to maintain the bones alignment. However there are lots of complications associated with traditional ways of treatment, such as compartment syndrome and stiffness due to immobility for long time. Also evaluation and observation of the limb under the casts for potential infections and skin issues are n...

Polyadenylation and degradation of mRNA in mammalian mitochondria: a missing link?

mRNA turnover in human mitochondria, one of the key mechanisms governing mitochondrial gene expression, still presents an unsolved puzzle. The present article summarizes the current research on the mechanisms and enzymes that may be involved in that process.

The sylvatic cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi: a still unsolved puzzle.

Identification of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Dynamic Using Extended Kalman Filter with ARMA Noise Model

In the procedure of designing an underwater vehicle or robot, its maneuverability and controllability must be simulated and tested, before the product is finalized for manufacturing. Since the hydrodynamic forces and moments highly affect the dynamic and maneuverability of the system, they must be estimated with a reasonable accuracy. In this study, hydrodynamic coefficients of an autonomous un...